We have a database enabled for CDC and last few days we encountered this error multiple times
The Log-Scan Process failed to construct a replicated command from log sequence number (LSN)
{0026bfad:00073eaa:002d}. Back up the publication database and contact Customer Support Services. [SQLSTATE 42000] (Error 18805) Log Scan process failed in processing log records. Refer to previous errors in the current session to identify
the cause and correct any associated problems. [SQLSTATE 42000] (Error 22859) The statement has been terminated. [SQLSTATE 01000] (Error 3621)
Checking the sys.dm_cdc_errors we notice this "Violation of PRIMARY KEY constraint 'lsn_time_mapping_clustered_idx'. Cannot insert duplicate key in object 'cdc.lsn_time_mapping'. The duplicate key value
is (0x0026bfad00073eaa002c)." So we go and cleanup from cdc.lsn_time_mapping and the CDC process continues. But we cannot find the reason why its happening . Also see a connect item from sometime ago.
http://connect.microsoft.com/SQLServer/feedback/details/334459/msit-mso-cdc-capture-job-fails-with-pk-violation-error
note:Also this database has been enabled for CDC for several years and we have started encountering this issue recently.